Best Picture

*Everything Everywhere All at Once*, winner 2022

The Best Picture Oscar is an Academy Award of Merit presented to the best overall motion picture of the year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). The Best Picture category is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible not only to vote on the final ballot, but also to nominate. During the annual Academy Awards ceremony, Best Picture is reserved as the final award presented and, since 1951, is collected at the podium by the film's producers. The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is considered the most important of the Academy Awards, as it is the final award presented, representing the combined directing, acting, and writing efforts put forth for a film.

History[]

At the 1st Academy Awards ceremony (for 1927 and 1928), there was no Best Picture award. Instead, there were two separate awards, one called Most Outstanding Production, won by the epic Wings, and one called Most Artistic Quality of Production, won by the art film Sunrise. The awards were intended to honor different and equally important aspects of superior filmmaking, and in fact the judges and the studio bosses who sought to influence their decisions paid more attention to the latter - Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer head Louis B. Mayer, who had disliked the realism of King Vidor's The Crowd, pressured the judges not to honor his own studio's film, and to select Sunrise instead. The next year, the Academy instituted a single award called Best Production, and decided retroactively that the award won by Wings had been the equivalent of that award, with the result that Wings is often listed as the winner of a sole Best Picture award for the first year. The title of the award was eventually changed to Best Picture for the 1931 awards.

Since 1944, the Academy has restricted nominations to five Best Picture nominees per year. As of the 82nd Academy Awards ceremony (for 2009), there have been 474 films nominated for the Best Picture award. Throughout the past 82 years, AMPAS has presented a total of 82 Best Picture awards. Invariably, the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 82 films that have been awarded Best Picture, 60 have also been awarded Best Director. Only three films have won Best Picture without their directors being nominated (though only one since the early 1930s): Wings (1927/28), Grand Hotel (1931/32), and Driving Miss Daisy (1989). The only two Best Director winners to win for films which did not receive a Best Picture nomination are likewise in the early years: Lewis Milestone (1927/28) and Frank Lloyd (1928/29).

However, in 2009, The Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences announced that the number of Best Picture nominees would be increased from five to ten. The expansion was a throwback to the Academy's early years in the 1930s and '40s, when anywhere between eight and twelve films were shortlisted. "Having 10 Best Picture nominees is going allow Academy voters to recognize and include some of the fantastic movies that often show up in the other Oscar categories but have been squeezed out of the race for the top prize," AMPAS President Sid Ganis said in a press conference.

Winners and nominees[]

In the list below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees. Except for the early years (when the Academy used a non-calendar year), the year shown is the one in which the film first premiered in Los Angeles County, California; normally this is also the year of first release, but it may be the year after first release (as with Casablanca and, if the film-festival premiere is considered, Crash). This is the year before the ceremony at which the award is given; for example, a film exhibited theatrically during 2005 was eligible for consideration for the 2005 Best Picture Oscar, awarded in 2006. The awards ceremony (1st, 2nd, etc.) appears in parentheses after the awards year, linked to the article on that ceremony. Each individual entry shows the title followed by the nominated producers or production company. Until 1950, the Best Picture award was given to the production company; from 1951 on, it has gone to the producer. The official name of the award has changed several times over the years:

1927/28 → 1928/29: Outstanding Picture
1929/30 → 1940: Outstanding Production
1941 → 1943: Outstanding Motion Picture
1944 → 1961: Best Motion Picture
1962 → Present: Best Picture

For the first ceremony, three films each were nominated for two separate awards similar to the Best Picture Award. For the following three years, five films were nominated for the award. This was expanded to eight in 1933, to ten in 1934, and to twelve in 1935, before being dropped back to ten in 1937. In 1945 it was reduced back to five. This number remained until 2010, when it was once again raised to ten.

Best Picture By Decade
1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s • 2000s • 2010s

1920s

1st Academy Awards (1927/28)

Winner (Outstanding Picture): Wings — Paramount Famous Lasky
Nominees: 7th Heaven — Fox; The Racket — The Caddo Company; Wings — Paramount Famous Lasky

2nd Academy Awards (1928/29)

Winner (Outstanding Picture): The Broadway Melody — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Nominees: Alibi — Feature Productions^[1]; The Broadway Melody — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Hollywood Revue — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer^[1]; In Old Arizona — Fox^[1]; The Patriot — Paramount Famous Lasky^[1]

3rd Academy Awards (1929/30)

Winner (Outstanding Production): All Quiet on the Western Front — Universal
Nominees: All Quiet on the Western Front — Universal; The Big House — Cosmopolitan; Disraeli — Warner Bros.; The Divorcee — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The Love Parade — Paramount Famous Lasky

1930s

4th Academy Awards (1930/31)

Winner (Outstanding Production): Cimarron — RKO Radio
Nominees: Cimarron — RKO Radio; East Lynne — Fox; The Front Page — The Caddo Company; Skippy — Paramount Publix; Trader Horn — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

5th Academy Awards (1931/32)

Winner (Outstanding Production): Grand Hotel — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Nominees: Arrowsmith — Samuel Goldwyn Productions; Bad Girl — Fox; The Champ — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Five Star Final — First National; Grand Hotel — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; One Hour with You — Paramount Publix; Shanghai Express — Paramount Publix; The Smiling Lieutenant — Paramount Publix

6th Academy Awards (1932/33)

Winner (Outstanding Production): Cavalcade — Fox
Nominees: 42nd Street — Warner Bros.; Cavalcade — Fox; A Farewell to Arms — Paramount ^{(came in 2nd)}; I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang — Warner Bros.; Lady for a Day — Columbia; Little Women — RKO Radio ^{(came in 3rd)}; The Private Life of Henry VIII — London Films; She Done Him Wrong — Paramount; Smilin' Through — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; State Fair — Fox

7th Academy Awards (1934)

Winner (Outstanding Production): It Happened One Night — Columbia
Nominees: The Barretts of Wimpole Street — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ^{(came in 2nd)}; Cleopatra — Paramount; Flirtation Walk — First National; The Gay Divorcee — RKO Radio; Here Comes the Navy — Warner Bros.; The House of Rothschild — 20th Century ^{(came in 3rd)}; Imitation of Life — Universal; It Happened One Night — Columbia; One Night of Love — Columbia; The Thin Man — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Viva Villa! — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The White Parade — Jesse L. Lasky

8th Academy Awards (1935)

Winner (Outstanding Production): Mutiny on the Bounty — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Nominees: Alice Adams — RKO Radio; Broadway Melody of 1936 — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Captain Blood — Cosmopolitan ^{(came in 3rd)}; David Copperfield — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The Informer — RKO Radio ^{(came in 2nd)}; Les Miserables — 20th Century; The Lives of a Bengal Lancer — Paramount; A Midsummer Night's Dream — Warner Bros.; Mutiny on the Bounty — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Naughty Marietta — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Ruggles of Red Gap — Paramount; Top Hat — RKO Radio

9th Academy Awards (1936)

Winner (Outstanding Production): The Great Ziegfeld — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Nominees: Anthony Adverse — Warner Bros.; Dodsworth — Samuel Goldwyn Productions; The Great Ziegfeld — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Libeled Lady — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Mr. Deeds Goes to Town — Columbia; Romeo and Juliet — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; San Francisco — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The Story of Louis Pasteur — Cosmopolitan; A Tale of Two Cities — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Three Smart Girls — Universal

10th Academy Awards (1937)

Winner (Outstanding Production): The Life of Emile Zola — Warner Bros.
Nominees: The Awful Truth — Columbia; Captains Courageous — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Dead End — Samuel Goldwyn Productions; The Good Earth — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; In Old Chicago — 20th Century-Fox; The Life of Emile Zola — Warner Bros.; Lost Horizon — Columbia; One Hundred Men and a Girl — Universal; Stage Door — RKO Radio; A Star Is Born — Selznick International Pictures

11th Academy Awards (1938)

Winner (Outstanding Production): You Can't Take It with You — Columbia
Nominees: The Adventures of Robin Hood — Warner Bros.-First National; Alexander's Ragtime Band — 20th Century-Fox; Boys Town — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The Citadel — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Four Daughters — Warner Bros.-First National; Grand Illusion — Realization D'Art Cinematographique; Jezebel — Warner Bros.; Pygmalion — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Test Pilot — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; You Can't Take It with You — Columbia

12th Academy Awards (1939)

Winner (Outstanding Production): Gone with the Wind — Selznick International Pictures
Nominees: Dark Victory — Warner Bros.-First National; Gone with the Wind — Selznick International Pictures; Goodbye, Mr. Chips — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Love Affair — RKO Radio; Mr. Smith Goes to Washington — Columbia; Ninotchka — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Of Mice and Men — Hal Roach; Stagecoach — Walter Wanger; The Wizard of Oz — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Wuthering Heights — Samuel Goldwyn Productions

1940s

13th Academy Awards (1940)

Winner (Outstanding Production): Rebecca — Selznick International Pictures
Nominees: All This, and Heaven Too — Warner Bros.; Foreign Correspondent — Walter Wanger; The Grapes of Wrath — 20th Century-Fox; The Great Dictator — Charles Chaplin Productions; Kitty Foyle — RKO Radio; The Letter — Warner Bros.; The Long Voyage Home — Argosy-Wanger; Our Town — Sol Lesser; The Philadelphia Story — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Rebecca — Selznick International Pictures

14th Academy Awards (1941)

Winner (Outstanding Motion Picture): How Green Was My Valley — 20th Century-Fox
Nominees: Blossoms in the Dust — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Citizen Kane — Mercury; Here Comes Mr. Jordan — Columbia; Hold Back the Dawn — Paramount; How Green Was My Valley — 20th Century-Fox; The Little Foxes — Samuel Goldwyn Productions; The Maltese Falcon — Warner Bros.; One Foot in Heaven — Warner Bros.; Sergeant York — Warner Bros.; Suspicion — RKO Radio

15th Academy Awards (1942)

Winner (Outstanding Motion Picture): Mrs. Miniver — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Nominees: The Invaders — Ortus; Kings Row — Warner Bros.; The Magnificent Ambersons — Mercury; Mrs. Miniver — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The Pied Piper — 20th Century-Fox; The Pride of the Yankees — Samuel Goldwyn Productions; Random Harvest — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The Talk of the Town — Columbia; Wake Island — Paramount; Yankee Doodle Dandy — Warner Bros.

16th Academy Awards (1943)

Winner (Outstanding Motion Picture): Casablanca — Warner Bros.
Nominees: Casablanca — Warner Bros.; For Whom the Bell Tolls — Paramount; Heaven Can Wait — 20th Century-Fox; The Human Comedy — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; In Which We Serve — Two Cities; Madame Curie — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The More the Merrier — Columbia; The Ox-Bow Incident — 20th Century-Fox; The Song of Bernadette — 20th Century-Fox; Watch on the Rhine — Warner Bros.

17th Academy Awards (1944)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): Going My Way — Paramount
Nominees: Double Indemnity — Paramount; Gaslight — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Going My Way —Paramount; Since You Went Away — Selznick International Pictures; Wilson — 20th Century-Fox

18th Academy Awards (1945)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): The Lost Weekend — Paramount
Nominees: Anchors Aweigh — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The Bells of St. Mary's — Rainbow Productions; The Lost Weekend — Paramount; Mildred Pierce — Warner Bros.; Spellbound — Selznick International Pictures

19th Academy Awards (1946)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): The Best Years of Our Lives — Samuel Goldwyn Productions
Nominees: The Best Years of Our Lives — Samuel Goldwyn Productions; Henry V — J. Arthur Rank-Two Cities Films; It's a Wonderful Life — Liberty Films; The Razor's Edge — 20th Century-Fox; The Yearling — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

20th Academy Awards (1947)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): Gentleman's Agreement — 20th Century-Fox
Nominees: The Bishop's Wife — Samuel Goldwyn Productions; Crossfire — RKO Radio; Gentleman's Agreement — 20th Century-Fox; Great Expectations — J. Arthur Rank-Cineguild; Miracle on 34th Street — 20th Century-Fox

21st Academy Awards (1948)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): Hamlet — J. Arthur Rank-Two Cities Films
Nominees: Hamlet — J. Arthur Rank-Two Cities Films; Johnny Belinda — Warner Bros.; The Red Shoes — J. Arthur Rank-Archers; The Snake Pit — 20th Century-Fox; The Treasure of the Sierra Madre — Warner Bros.

22nd Academy Awards (1949)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): All the King's Men — Robert Rossen Productions
Nominees: All the King's Men — Robert Rossen Productions; Battleground — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; The Heiress — Paramount; A Letter to Three Wives — 20th Century-Fox; Twelve O'Clock High — 20th Century-Fox

1950s

23rd Academy Awards (1950)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): All About Eve — 20th Century-Fox
Nominees: All About Eve — 20th Century-Fox; Born Yesterday — Columbia; Father of the Bride — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; King Solomon's Mines —Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Sunset Blvd. — Paramount

24th Academy Awards (1951)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): An American in Paris — Arthur Freed
Nominees: An American in Paris — Arthur Freed; Decision Before Dawn — Anatole Litvak, Frank McCarthy; A Place in the Sun — George Stevens; Quo Vadis — Sam Zimbalist; A Streetcar Named Desire — Charles K. Feldman

25th Academy Awards (1952)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): The Greatest Show on Earth — Cecil B. DeMille
Nominees: The Greatest Show on Earth — Cecil B. DeMille; High Noon — Stanley Kramer; Ivanhoe — Pandro S. Berman; Moulin Rouge — Romulus Films; The Quiet Man — John Ford, Merian C. Cooper

26th Academy Awards (1953)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): From Here to Eternity — Buddy Adler
Nominees: From Here to Eternity — Buddy Adler; Julius Caesar — John Houseman; The Robe — Frank Ross; Roman Holiday — William Wyler; Shane — George Stevens

27th Academy Awards (1954)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): On the Waterfront — Sam Spiegel
Nominees: The Caine Mutiny — Stanley Kramer; The Country Girl — William Perlberg; On the Waterfront — Sam Spiegel; Seven Brides for Seven Brothers — Jack Cummings; Three Coins in the Fountain — Sol C. Siegel

28th Academy Awards (1955)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): Marty — Harold Hecht
Nominees: Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing — Buddy Adler; Marty — Harold Hecht; Mister Roberts — Leland Hayward; Picnic — Fred Kohlmar; The Rose Tattoo — Hal B. Wallis

29th Academy Awards (1956)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): Around the World in 80 Days — Michael Todd
Nominees: Around the World in 80 Days — Michael Todd; Friendly Persuasion — William Wyler; Giant — George Stevens, Henry Ginsberg; The King and I — Charles Brackett; The Ten Commandments — Cecil B. DeMille

30th Academy Awards (1957)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): The Bridge on the River Kwai — Sam Spiegel
Nominees: The Bridge on the River Kwai — Sam Spiegel; Peyton Place — Jerry Wald; Sayonara — William Goetz; 12 Angry Men — Henry Fonda, Reginald Rose; Witness for the Prosecution — Arthur Hornblow, Jr.

31st Academy Awards (1958)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): Gigi — Arthur Freed
Nominees: Auntie Mame — Warner Bros.; Cat on a Hot Tin Roof — Lawrence Weingarten; The Defiant Ones — Stanley Kramer; Gigi — Arthur Freed; Separate Tables — Harold Hecht

32nd Academy Awards (1959)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): Ben-Hur — Sam Zimbalist
Nominees: Anatomy of a Murder — Otto Preminger; Ben-Hur — Sam Zimbalist; The Diary of Anne Frank — George Stevens; The Nun's Story — Henry Blanke; Room at the Top — John Woolf, James Woolf

1960s

33rd Academy Awards (1960)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): The Apartment — Billy Wilder
Nominees: The Alamo — John Wayne; The Apartment — Billy Wilder; Elmer Gantry — Bernard Smith; Sons and Lovers — Jerry Wald; The Sundowners — Fred Zinnemann

34th Academy Awards (1961)

Winner (Best Motion Picture): West Side Story — Robert Wise
Nominees: Fanny — Joshua Logan; The Guns of Navarone — Carl Foreman; The Hustler — Robert Rossen; Judgment at Nuremberg — Stanley Kramer; West Side Story — Robert Wise

35th Academy Awards (1962)

Winner: Lawrence of Arabia — Sam Spiegel
Nominees: Lawrence of Arabia — Sam Spiegel; The Longest Day — Darryl F. Zanuck; Meredith Willson's The Music Man — Morton Da Costa; Mutiny on the Bounty — Aaron Rosenberg; To Kill a Mockingbird — Alan J. Pakula

36th Academy Awards (1963)

Winner: Tom Jones — Tony Richardson
Nominees: America America — Elia Kazan; Cleopatra — Walter Wanger; How the West Was Won — Bernard Smith; Lilies of the Field — Ralph Nelson

37th Academy Awards (1964)

Winner: My Fair Lady — Jack L. Warner
Nominees: Becket — Hal B. Wallis; Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb — Stanley Kubrick; Mary Poppins — Walt Disney, Bill Walsh; My Fair Lady — Jack L. Warner; Zorba the Greek — Michael Cacoyannis

38th Academy Awards (1965)

Winner: The Sound of Music — Robert Wise
Nominees: Darling — Joseph Janni; Doctor Zhivago — Carlo Ponti; Ship of Fools — Stanley Kramer; The Sound of Music — Robert Wise; A Thousand Clowns — Fred Coe

39th Academy Awards (1966)

Winner: A Man for All Seasons — Fred Zinnemann
Nominees: Alfie — Lewis Gilbert; A Man for All Seasons — Fred Zinnemann; The Russians Are Coming The Russians Are Coming — Norman Jewison; The Sand Pebbles — Robert Wise; Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? — Ernest Lehman

40th Academy Awards (1967)

Winner: In the Heat of the Night — Walter Mirisch
Nominees: Bonnie and Clyde — Warren Beatty; Doctor Dolittle — Arthur P. Jacobs; The Graduate — Lawrence Turman; Guess Who's Coming to Dinner — Stanley Kramer; In the Heat of the Night — Walter Mirisch

41st Academy Awards (1968)

Winner: Oliver! — John Woolf
Nominees: Funny Girl — Ray Stark; The Lion in Winter — Martin Poll; Oliver! — John Woolf; Rachel, Rachel — Paul Newman; Romeo and Juliet — Anthony Havelock-Allan, John Brabourne

42nd Academy Awards (1969)

Winner: Midnight Cowboy — Jerome Hellman
Nominees: Anne of the Thousand Days — Hal B. Wallis; Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid — John Foreman; Hello, Dolly! — Ernest Lehman; Midnight Cowboy — Jerome Hellman; Z — Jacques Perrin, Hamed Rachedi

1970s

43rd Academy Awards (1970)

Winner: Patton — Frank McCarthy
Nominees: Airport — Ross Hunter; Five Easy Pieces — Bob Rafelson, Richard Wechsler; Love Story — Howard G. Minsky; M*A*S*H — Ingo Preminger; Patton — Frank McCarthy

44th Academy Awards (1971)

Winner: The French Connection — Philip D'Antoni
Nominees: A Clockwork Orange — Stanley Kubrick; Fiddler on the Roof — Norman Jewison; The French Connection — Philip D'Antoni; The Last Picture Show — Stephen J. Friedman; Nicholas and Alexandra — Sam Spiegel

45th Academy Awards (1972)

Winner: The Godfather — Albert S. Ruddy
Nominees: Cabaret — Cy Feuer; Deliverance — John Boorman; The Emigrants — Bengt Forslund; The Godfather — Albert S. Ruddy; Sounder — Robert B. Radnitz

46th Academy Awards (1973)

Winner: The Sting — Tony Bill, Michael Phillips, Julia Phillips
Nominees: American Graffiti — Francis Ford Coppola, Gary Kurtz; Cries and Whispers — Ingmar Bergman; The Exorcist — William Peter Blatty; The Sting — Tony Bill, Michael Phillips, Julia Phillips; A Touch of Class — Melvin Frank

47th Academy Awards (1974)

Winner: The Godfather Part II — Francis Ford Coppola, Gray Frederickson, Fred Roos
Nominees: Chinatown — Robert Evans; The Conversation — Francis Ford Coppola, Fred Roos; The Godfather Part II — Francis Ford Coppola, Gray Frederickson, Fred Roos; Lenny — Marvin Worth; The Towering Inferno — Irwin Allen

48th Academy Awards (1975)

Winner: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest — Saul Zaentz, Michael Douglas
Nominees: Barry Lyndon — Stanley Kubrick; Dog Day Afternoon — Martin Bregman, Martin Elfand; Jaws — Richard D. Zanuck, David Brown; Nashville — Robert Altman; One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest — Saul Zaentz, Michael Douglas

49th Academy Awards (1976)

Winner: Rocky — Irwin Winkler, Robert Chartoff
Nominees: All the President's Men — Walter Coblenz; Bound for Glory — Robert F. Blumofe, Harold Leventhal; Network — Howard Gottfried; Rocky — Irwin Winkler, Robert Chartoff; Taxi Driver — Michael Phillips, Julia Phillips

50th Academy Awards (1977)

Winner: Annie Hall — Charles H. Joffe
Nominees: Annie Hall — Charles H. Joffe; The Goodbye Girl — Ray Stark; Julia — Richard Roth; Star Wars — Gary Kurtz; The Turning Point — Herbert Ross, Arthur Laurents

51st Academy Awards (1978)

Winner: The Deer Hunter — Barry Spikings, Michael Deeley, Michael Cimino, and John Peverall
Nominees: Coming Home — Jerome Hellman; The Deer Hunter — Barry Spikings, Michael Deeley, Michael Cimino, and John Peverall; Heaven Can Wait — Warren Beatty; Midnight Express — Alan Marshall, David Puttnam; An Unmarried Woman — Paul Mazursky, Tony Ray

52nd Academy Awards (1979)

Winner: Kramer vs. Kramer — Stanley R. Jaffe
Nominees: All That Jazz — Robert Alan Aurthur; Apocalypse Now — Francis Ford Coppola, Fred Roos, Gray Frederickson, Tom Sternberg; Breaking Away — Peter Yates; Kramer vs. Kramer — Stanley R. Jaffe; Norma Rae — Tamara Asseyev, Alex Rose

1980s

53rd Academy Awards (1980)

Winner: Ordinary People — Ronald L. Schwary
Nominees: Coal Miner's Daughter — Bernard Schwartz; The Elephant Man — Jonathan Sanger; Ordinary People — Ronald L. Schwary; Raging Bull — Irwin Winkler, Robert Chartoff; Tess — Claude Berri, Timothy Burrill

54th Academy Awards (1981)

Winner: Chariots of Fire — David Puttnam
Nominees: Atlantic City — Denis Heroux, John Kemeny; Chariots of Fire — David Puttnam; On Golden Pond — Bruce Gilbert; Raiders of the Lost Ark — Frank Marshall; Reds — Warren Beatty

55th Academy Awards (1982)

Winner: Gandhi — Richard Attenborough
Nominees: E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial — Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy; Gandhi — Richard Attenborough; Missing — Edward Lewis, Mildred Lewis; Tootsie — Sydney Pollack, Dick Richards; The Verdict — Richard D. Zanuck, David Brown

56th Academy Awards (1983)

Winner: Terms of Endearment — James L. Brooks
Nominees: The Big Chill — Michael Shamberg; The Dresser — Peter Yates; The Right Stuff — Irwin Winkler, Robert Chartoff; Tender Mercies — Philip S. Hobel; Terms of Endearment — James L. Brooks

57th Academy Awards (1984)

Winner: Amadeus — Saul Zaentz
Nominees: Amadeus —Saul Zaentz; The Killing Fields — David Puttnam; A Passage to India — John Brabourne, Richard Goodwin; Places in the Heart — Arlene Donovan; A Soldier's Story — Norman Jewison, Ronald L. Schwary, Patrick Palmer

58th Academy Awards (1985)

Winner: Out of Africa — Sydney Pollack
Nominees: The Color Purple — Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall, Quincy Jones; Kiss of the Spider Woman — David Weisman; Out of Africa — Sydney Pollack; Prizzi's Honor — John Foreman; Witness — Edward S. Feldman

59th Academy Awards (1986)

Winner: Platoon — Arnold Kopelson
Nominees: Children of a Lesser God — Burt Sugarman, Patrick Palmer; Hannah and Her Sisters — Robert Greenhut; The Mission — Fernando Ghia, David Puttnam; Platoon — Arnold Kopelson; A Room with a View — Ismail Merchant

60th Academy Awards (1987)

Winner: The Last Emperor — Jeremy Thomas
Nominees: Broadcast News — James L. Brooks; Fatal Attraction — Stanley R. Jaffe, Sherry Lansing; Hope and Glory — John Boorman; The Last Emperor — Jeremy Thomas; Moonstruck — Patrick Palmer, Norman Jewison

61st Academy Awards (1988)

Winner: Rain Man — Mark Johnson
Nominees: The Accidental Tourist — Lawrence Kasdan, Charles Okun, Michael Grillo; Dangerous Liaisons — Norma Heyman, Hank Moonjean; Mississippi Burning — Frederick Zollo, Robert F. Colesberry; Rain Man — Mark Johnson; Working Girl — Douglas Wick

62nd Academy Awards (1989)

Winner: Driving Miss Daisy — Richard D. Zanuck, Lili Fini Zanuck
Nominees: Born on the Fourth of July — A. Kitman Ho, Oliver Stone; Dead Poets Society — Steven Haft, Paul Junger Witt, Tony Thomas; Driving Miss Daisy — Richard D. Zanuck, Lili Fini Zanuck; Field of Dreams — Lawrence Gordon, Charles Gordon; My Left Foot — Noel Pearson

1990s

63rd Academy Awards (1990)

Winner: Dances With Wolves — Jim Wilson, Kevin Costner
Nominees: Awakenings — Walter F. Parkes, Lawrence Lasker; Dances With Wolves — Jim Wilson, Kevin Costner; Ghost — Lisa Weinstein; The Godfather, Part III — Francis Ford Coppola; Good Fellas — Irwin Winkler

64th Academy Awards (1991)

Winner: The Silence of the Lambs — Edward Saxon, Kenneth Utt, Ron Bozman
Nominees: Beauty and the Beast — Don Hahn; Bugsy — Mark Johnson, Barry Levinson, Warren Beatty; JFK — A. Kitman Ho, Oliver Stone; The Prince of Tides — Barbra Streisand, Andrew Karsch

65th Academy Awards (1992)

Winner: Unforgiven — Clint Eastwood
Nominees: The Crying Game — Stephen Woolley; A Few Good Men — David Brown, Rob Reiner, Andrew Scheinman; Howards End — Ismail Merchant; Scent of a Woman — Martin Brest; Unforgiven — Clint Eastwood

66th Academy Awards (1993)

Winner: Schindler's List — Steven Spielberg, Gerald R. Molen, Branko Lustig
Nominees: The Fugitive — Arnold Kopelson; In the Name of the Father — Jim Sheridan; The Piano — Jan Chapman; The Remains of the Day — Mike Nichols, John Calley, Ismail Merchant; Schindler's List — Steven Spielberg, Gerald R. Molen, Branko Lustig

67th Academy Awards (1994)

Winner: Forrest Gump — Wendy Finerman, Steve Tisch, Steve Starkey
Nominees: Forrest Gump — Wendy Finerman, Steve Tisch, Steve Starkey; Four Weddings and a Funeral — Duncan Kenworthy; Pulp Fiction — Lawrence Bender; Quiz Show — Robert Redford, Michael Jacobs, Julian Krainin, Michael Nozik; The Shawshank Redemption — Niki Marvin

68th Academy Awards (1995)

Winner: Braveheart — Mel Gibson, Alan Ladd, Jr., Bruce Davey
Nominees: Apollo 13 — Brian Grazer; Babe — George Miller, Doug Mitchell, Bill Miller; Braveheart — Mel Gibson, Alan Ladd, Jr., Bruce Davey; The Postman (Il Postino) — Mario Cecchi Gori, Vittorio Cecchi Gori, Gaetano Daniele; Sense and Sensibility — Lindsay Doran

69th Academy Awards (1996)

Winner: The English Patient — Saul Zaentz
Nominees: The English Patient — Saul Zaentz; Fargo — Ethan Coen; Jerry Maguire — James L. Brooks, Laurence Mark, Richard Sakai, Cameron Crowe; Secrets & Lies — Simon Channing-Williams; Shine — Jane Scott

70th Academy Awards (1997)

Winner: Titanic — James Cameron, Jon Landau
Nominees: As Good as It Gets — James L. Brooks, Bridget Johnson, Kristi Zea; The Full Monty — Uberto Pasolini; Good Will Hunting — Lawrence Bender; L.A. Confidential — Arnon Milchan, Curtis Hanson, Michael Nathanson; Titanic — James Cameron, Jon Landau

71st Academy Awards (1998)

Winner: Shakespeare in Love — David Parfitt, Donna Gigliotti, Harvey Weinstein, Edward Zwick, Marc Norman
Nominees: Elizabeth — Alison Owen, Eric Fellner, Tim Bevan; Life is Beautiful — Elda Ferri, Gianluigi Braschi; Saving Private Ryan — Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon, Gary Levinsohn; Shakespeare in Love — David Parfitt, Donna Gigliotti, Harvey Weinstein, Edward Zwick, Marc Norman; The Thin Red Line — Robert Michael Geisler, John Roberdeau, Grant Hill

72nd Academy Awards (1999)

Winner: American Beauty — Bruce Cohen, Dan Jinks
Nominees: American Beauty — Bruce Cohen, Dan Jinks; The Cider House Rules — Richard N. Gladstein; The Green Mile — David Valdes, Frank Darabont; The Insider — Michael Mann, Pieter Jan Brugge; The Sixth Sense — Frank Marshall, Kathleen Kennedy, Barry Mendel

2000s

73rd Academy Awards (2000)

Winner: Gladiator — Douglas Wick, David Franzoni, Branko Lustig
Nominees: Chocolat — David Brown, Kit Golden, Leslie Holleran; Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon — Bill Kong, Hsu Li Kong, Ang Lee; Erin Brockovich — Danny DeVito, Michael Shamberg, Stacey Sher; Gladiator — Douglas Wick, David Franzoni, Branko Lustig; Traffic — Edward Zwick, Marshall Herskovitz, Laura Bickford

74th Academy Awards (2001)

Winner: A Beautiful Mind — Brian Grazer, Ron Howard
Nominees: A Beautiful Mind — Brian Grazer, Ron Howard; Gosford Park — Robert Altman, Bob Balaban, David Levy; In the Bedroom — Graham Leader, Ross Katz, Todd Field; The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring — Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, Barrie M. Osborne; Moulin Rouge! — Martin Brown, Baz Luhrmann, Fred Baron

75th Academy Awards (2002)

Winner: Chicago — Martin Richards
Nominees: Chicago — Martin Richards; Gangs of New York — Alberto Grimaldi, Harvey Weinstein; The Hours — Scott Rudin, Robert Fox; The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers — Barrie M. Osborne, Fran Walsh, Peter Jackson; The Pianist — Roman Polanski, Robert Benmussa, Alain Sarde

76th Academy Awards (2003)

Winner: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King — Barrie M. Osborne, Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh
Nominees: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King — Barrie M. Osborne, Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh; Lost in Translation — Ross Katz, Sofia Coppola; Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World — Samuel Goldwyn, Jr., Peter Weir, Duncan Henderson; Mystic River — Robert Lorenz, Judie G. Hoyt, Clint Eastwood; Seabiscuit — Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall, Gary Ross

77th Academy Awards (2004)

Winner: Million Dollar Baby — Clint Eastwood, Albert S. Ruddy, Tom Rosenberg
Nominees: The Aviator — Michael Mann, Graham King; Finding Neverland — Richard N. Gladstein, Nellie Bellflower; Million Dollar Baby — Clint Eastwood, Albert S. Ruddy, Tom Rosenberg; Ray — Taylor Hackford, Stuart Benjamin, Howard Baldwin; Sideways — Michael London

78th Academy Awards (2005)

Winner: Crash — Paul Haggis, Cathy Schulman
Nominees: Brokeback Mountain — Diana Ossana, James Schamus; Capote — Caroline Baron, William Vince, Michael Ohoven; Crash — Paul Haggis, Cathy Schulman; Good Night, and Good Luck. — Grant Heslov; Munich — Kathleen Kennedy, Steven Spielberg, Barry Mendel

79th Academy Awards (2006)

Winner: The Departed — Graham King
Nominees: Babel — Alejandro González Iñárritu, Jon Kilik, Steve Golin; The Departed — Graham King; Letters from Iwo Jima — Clint Eastwood, Steven Spielberg, Robert Lorenz; Little Miss Sunshine — David T. Friendly, Peter Saraf, Marc Turtletaub; The Queen — Andy Harries, Christine Langan, Tracey Seaward

80th Academy Awards (2007)

Winner: No Country for Old Men — Scott Rudin, Ethan Coen, Joel Coen
Nominees: Atonement — Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Paul Webster; Juno — Lianne Halfon, Mason Novick, Russell Smith; Michael Clayton — Sydney Pollack, Jennifer Fox, Kerry Orent; No Country for Old Men — Scott Rudin, Ethan Coen, Joel Coen; There Will Be Blood — JoAnne Sellar, Paul Thomas Anderson, Daniel Lupi

81st Academy Awards (2008)

Winner: Slumdog Millionaire — Christian Colson
Nominees: The Curious Case of Benjamin Button — Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall, Ceán Chaffin; Frost/Nixon — Brian Grazer, Ron Howard, Eric Fellner; Milk — Dan Jinks, Bruce Cohen; The Reader — Anthony Minghella, Sydney Pollack, Donna Gigliotti, Redmond Morris; Slumdog Millionaire — Christian Colson

82nd Academy Awards (2009)

Winner: The Hurt Locker — Kathryn Bigelow, Mark Boal, Nicolas Chartier, Greg Shapiro
Nominees: Avatar — James Cameron, Jon Landau; The Blind Side — Gil Netter, Andrew A. Kosove, Broderick Johnson; District 9 — Peter Jackson, Carolynne Cunningham; An Education — Finola Dwyer, Amanda Posey; The Hurt Locker — Kathryn Bigelow, Mark Boal, Nicolas Chartier, Greg Shapiro; Inglourious Basterds — Lawrence Bender; Precious: Based on the Novel Push by Sapphire — Lee Daniels, Sarah Siegel-Magness, Gary Magness; A Serious Man — Joel Coen, Ethan Coen; Up — Jonas Rivera; Up in the Air — Daniel Dubiecki, Ivan Reitman, Jason Reitman

2010s

83rd Academy Awards (2010)

Winner: The King's Speech — Iain Canning, Emile Sherman, Gareth Unwin
Nominees: 127 Hours — Danny Boyle, Christian Colson; Black Swan — Scott Franklin, Mike Medavoy, Brian Oliver; The Fighter — David Hoberman, Todd Lieberman, Mark Wahlberg; Inception — Christopher Nolan, Emma Thomas; The Kids Are All Right — Gary Gilbert, Jeffrey Levy-Hinte, Celine Rattray; The King's Speech — Iain Canning, Emile Sherman, Gareth Unwin; The Social Network — Dana Brunetti, Ceán Chaffin, Michael De Luca, Scott Rudin; Toy Story 3 — Darla K. Anderson; True Grit — Ethan Coen, Joel Coen, Scott Rudin; Winter's Bone — Alix Madigan, Anne Rosellini

84th Academy Awards (2011)

Winner: The Artist — Thomas Langmann
Nominees: The Descendants — Jim Burke, Alexander Payne, Jim Taylor; Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close — Scott Rudin; The Help — Brunson Green, Chris Colombus, Michael Barnathan; Hugo — Graham King, Martin Scorsese; Midnight in Paris — Letty Aronson, Stephen Tenenbaum; Moneyball — Michael De Luca, Rachael Horovitz, Brad Pitt; The Tree of Life — TBD; War Horse — Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy

85th Academy Awards (2012)

Winner: Argo — Ben Affleck, George Clooney, Grant Heslov
Nominees: Amour — Margaret Menegoz, Stefan Arndt, Veit Heiduschka, Michael Katz; Beasts of the Southern Wild — Dan Janvey, Josh Penn, Michael Gottwald; Django Unchained — Stacey Sher, Reginald Hudlin, Pilar Savone; Les Misérables — Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Debra Hayward, Cameron Mackintosh; Life of Pi — Gil Netter, Ang Lee, David Womark; Lincoln — Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy; Silver Linings Playbook — Donna Gigliotti, Bruce Cohen, Jonathan Gordon; Zero Dark Thirty — Mark Boal, Kathryn Bigelow, Megan Ellison

86th Academy Awards (2013)

Winner: 12 Years a Slave — Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Steve McQueen, Anthony Katagas
Nominees: American Hustle — Charles Roven, Richard Suckle, Megan Ellison, Jonathan Gordon; The Wolf of Wall Street — Martin Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio, Joey McFarland, Emma Tillinger Koskoff; Captain Phillips — Scott Rudin, Dana Brunetti, Michael De Luca; Dallas Buyers Club — Robbie Brenner, Rachel Winter; Gravity — Alfonso Cuarón, David Heyman; Her — Megan Ellison, Spike Jonze, Vincent Landay; Nebraska — Albert Berger, Ron Yerxa; Philomena — Gabrielle Tana, Steve Coogan, Tracey Seaward

87th Academy Awards (2014)

Winner: Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) — Alejandro González Iñárritu, John Lesher, James W. Skotchdopole
Nominees: American Sniper — Clint Eastwood, Robert Lorenz, Andrew Lazar, Bradley Cooper, Peter Morgan; Boyhood — Richard Linklater, Cathleen Sutherland; The Grand Budapest Hotel — Wes Anderson, Scott Rudin, Steven Rales, Jeremy Dawson; The Imitation Game — Nora Grossman, Ido Ostrowsky, Teddy Schwarzman; Selma — Christian Colson, Oprah Winfrey, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner; The Theory of Everything — Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, Anthony McCarten; Whiplash — Jason Blum, Helen Estabrook, David Lancaster

88th Academy Awards (2015)

Winner: Spotlight — Michael Sugar, Steve Golin, Nicole Rocklin, Blye Pagon Faust
Nominees: The Big Short — Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner; Bridge of Spies — Steven Spielberg, Marc Platt, Kristie Macosko Krieger; Brooklyn — Finola Dwyer, Amanda Posey; Mad Max: Fury Road — Doug Mitchell, George Miller; The Martian — Simon Kinberg, Ridley Scott, Michael Schaefer, Mark Huffam; The Revenant — Arnon Milchan, Steve Golin, Alejandro González Iñárritu, Mary Parent, Keith Redmon; Room — Ed Guiney

89th Academy Awards (2016)

Winner: Moonlight — Adele Romanski, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner
Nominees: Arrival — Shawn Levy, Dan Levine, Aaron Ryder, David Linde; Fences — Scott Rudin, Denzel Washington, Todd Black; Hacksaw Ridge — Bill Mechanic, David Permut; Hell or High Water — Carla Hacken, Julie Yorn; Hidden Figures — Donna Gigliotti, Peter Chernin, Jenna Topping, Pharrell Williams, Theodore Melfi; La La Land — Fred Berger, Jordan Horowitz, Marc Platt; Lion — Emile Sherman, Iain Canning, Angie Fielder; Manchester by the Sea — Matt Damon, Kimberly Steward, Chris Moore, Lauren Beck, Kevin J. Walsh

90th Academy Awards (2017)

Winner: The Shape of Water — Guillermo del Toro and J. Miles Dale
Nominees: Call Me By Your Name — Peter Spears, Luca Guadagnino, Emilie Georges and Marco Morabito; Darkest Hour — Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, Anthony McCarten and Douglas Urbanski; Dunkirk — Emma Thomas and Christopher Nolan; Get Out — Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, Edward H. Hamm, Jr. and Jordan Peele; Lady Bird — Scott Rudin, Eli Bush and Evelyn O'Neill; Phantom Thread — JoAnne Sellar, Paul Thomas Anderson, Megan Ellison and Daniel Lupi; The Post — Amy Pascal, Steven Spielberg and Kristie Macosko Krieger; Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri — Graham Broadbent, Pete Czernin and Martin McDonagh

91st Academy Awards (2018)

Winner: Green Book — Jim Burke, Charles B. Wessler, Brian Currie, Peter Farrelly, Nick Vallelonga
Nominees: Black Panther — Kevin Feige; BlacKkKlansman — Spike Lee, Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, Raymond Mansfield, Jordan Peele; Bohemian Rhapsody — Graham King; The Favourite — Ceci Dempsey, Ed Guiney, Lee Magiday, Yorgos Lanthimos; Roma — Gabriela Rodriquez, Alfonso Cuarón; A Star is Born — Bill Gerber, Bradley Cooper, Lynette Howell Taylor; Vice — Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Adam McKay, Kevin Messick

92nd Academy Awards (2019)

Winner: Parasite — Kwak Sin-ae, Bong Joon-ho
Nominees: Ford v Ferrari — Peter Chernin, Jenno Topping, James Mangold; The Irishman — Martin Scorsese, Robert De Niro, Jane Rosenthal, Emma Tillinger Koskoff; Jojo Rabbit — Carthew Neal, Taika Waititi, Chelsea Winstanley; Joker — Todd Phillips, Bradley Cooper, Emma Tillinger Koskoff; Little Women — Amy Pascal; Marriage Story — Noah Baumbach, David Heyman; 1917 — Sam Mendes, Pippa Harris, Jayne-Ann Tenggren, Callum McDougal; Once Upon a Time in Hollywood — David Heyman, Shannon McIntosh, Quentin Tarantino

2020s

93rd Academy Awards (2020)

Winner: Nomadland — Frances McDormand, Peter Spears, Mollye Asher, Dan Janvey, Chloé Zhao
Nominees: The Father — David Parfitt, Jean-Louis Livi, Philippe Carcassonne; Judas and the Black Messiah — Shaka King, Charles D. King, Ryan Coogler; Mank — Ceán Chaffin, Eric Roth, Douglas Urbanski; Minari — Christina Oh; Promising Young Woman — Ben Browning, Ashley Fox, Emerald Fennell, Josey McNamara; Sound of Metal — Bert Hamelinick, Sacha Ben Harroche; The Trial of the Chicago 7 — Marc Platt, Stuart M. Besser

94th Academy Awards (2021)

Winner: CODA — Philippe Rousselet, Fabrice Gianfermi, and Patrick Wachsberger
Nominees: Belfast — Laura Berwick, Kenneth Branagh, Becca Kovacik, and Tamar Thomas; Don't Look Up — Adam McKay and Kevin Messick; Drive My Car — Teruhisa Yamamoto; Dune: Part One — Mary Parent, Denis Villeneuve, and Cale Boyter; King Richard — Tim White, Trevor White, and Will Smith; Licorice Pizza — Sara Murphy, Adam Somner, and Paul Thomas Anderson; Nightmare Alley — Guillermo del Toro, J. Miles Dale, and Bradley Cooper; The Power of the Dog — Jane Campion, Tanya Seghatchian, Emile Sherman, Iain Canning, and Roger Frappier; West Side Story — Steven Spielberg and Kristie Macosko Krieger

95th Academy Awards (2022)

Winner: Everything Everywhere All at Once — Daniel Kwan, Daniel Scheinert, and Jonathan Wang
Nominees: All Quiet on the Western Front — Malte Grunert; Avatar: The Way of Water — James Cameron and Jon Landau; The Banshees of Inisherin — Graham Broadbent, Pete Czernin, and Martin McDonagh; Elvis — Baz Luhrmann, Catherine Martin, Gail Berman, Patrick McCormick, and Schuyler Weiss; The Fabelmans — Kristie Macosko Krieger, Steven Spielberg, and Tony Kushner; Tár — Todd Field, Alexandra Milchan, and Scott Lambert; Top Gun: Maverick — T** C*****, Christopher McQuarrie, David Ellison, Jerry Bruckheimer; Triangle of Sadness — Erik Hemmendorff and Philippe Bober; Women Talking — Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, and Frances McDormand

96th Academy Awards (2023)

Winner: TBD
Nominees: American Fction — Ben LeClair, Nikos Karamigios, Cord Jefferson, and Jermaine Johnson; Anatomy of a Fall — Marie-Ange Luciani and David Thion; Barbie — David Heyman, Margot Robbie, Tom Ackerley and Robbie Brenner; The Holdovers — Mark Johnson; Killers of the Flower Moon — Dan Friedkin, Bradley Thomas, Martin Scorsese and Daniel Lupi; Maestro — Bradley Cooper, Steven Spielberg, Fred Berner, Amy Durning, and Kristie Macosko Krieger; Oppenheimer — Emma Thomas, Charles Roven and Christopher Nolan; Past Lives — David Hinojosa, Christine Vachon and Pamela Koffler; Poor Things — Ed Guiney, Andrew Lowe, Yorgos Lanthimos and Emma Stone; The Zone of Interest — James Wilson

Related categories[]

Best Picture nominated films
Best Picture nominees

Notes[]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 This is not an official nomination. There were no announcements of nominations, no certificates of nomination or honorable mention, and only the winners were revealed during the awards banquet on April 3, 1930. Though not official nominations, the additional names in each category, according to in-house records, were under consideration by the various boards of judges.

[2nd-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 This is not an official nomination. There were no announcements of nominations, no certificates of nomination or honorable mention, and only the winners were revealed during the awards banquet on April 3, 1930. Though not official nominations, the additional names in each category, according to in-house records, were under consideration by the various boards of judges.

[1]

Best Picture

Contents

History[]

Winners and nominees[]

Related categories[]

Notes[]

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